Farashinmu zai kasance mai girma da gasa saboda ƙarfin samar da mu mai ƙarfi, kodayake farashin yana iya canzawa dangane da wadata da sauran abubuwan kasuwa. Za mu aiko muku da wani sabunta jerin farashin bayan kamfanin ku tuntube mu don ƙarin bayani.
A gaskiya ba. za mu yi tsokaci dangane da adadin ku. Yawan yin oda, mafi kyawun farashi za ku samu. Kuma idan kuna buƙatar samfuran kyauta, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu ta imel.
Tabbas, eh. Za mu iya ba ku takaddun da ke da alaƙa, kamar Takaddun Takaddun Bincike / Amincewa; Inshora; Asalin, da sauran takaddun fitarwa.
Dangane da yawan ku da samfurin ku daki-daki, za mu ba ku lokacin jagora mai ma'ana. Kamar yadda aka saba, don samfurori, lokacin jagoran shine game da kwanaki 7. Don samar da taro, lokacin jagorar shine kwanaki 20-30 bayan karɓar biyan kuɗin ajiya. Kyauta kyauta sanar da mu idan kuna da wata bukata ta musamman.
Kuna iya biyan kuɗi zuwa asusun banki, Western Union ko PayPal:
30% ajiya a gaba, 70% ma'auni akan kwafin B/L.
Muna ba da garantin kayan mu da aikin mu. Alƙawarinmu shine don gamsuwa da samfuranmu. A cikin garanti ko a'a, al'adun kamfaninmu ne don magancewa da warware duk batutuwan abokin ciniki don gamsar da kowa.
Ee, koyaushe muna amfani da fakitin fitarwa mai inganci koyaushe. Har ila yau, muna amfani da ƙwaƙƙwaran haɗaɗɗiyar haɗari don kaya masu haɗari da ingantattun masu jigilar sanyi don abubuwa masu zafin zafi. Marufi na ƙwararru da buƙatun buƙatun da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da ƙarin caji.
Farashin jigilar kaya ya dogara da hanyar da kuka zaɓi don samun kayan. Express yawanci hanya ce mafi sauri amma kuma mafi tsada. Ta hanyar sufurin jiragen ruwa shine mafi kyawun mafita ga adadi mai yawa. Daidai farashin kaya za mu iya ba ku kawai idan mun san cikakkun bayanai na adadin, nauyi da hanya. Da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu don ƙarin bayani.
A gaskiya ma, bambanci tsakanin OM3 vs OM4 fiber ne kawai a cikin ginin fiber na gani na USB. Bambanci a cikin ginin yana nufin cewa kebul na OM4 yana da mafi kyawun attenuation kuma yana iya aiki a mafi girma bandwidth fiye da OM3. Menene dalilin hakan? Don hanyar haɗin fiber don aiki, hasken daga mai ɗaukar hoto na VCSEL yana da isasshen iko don isa ga mai karɓa a ɗayan ƙarshen. Akwai dabi'u biyu na aikin da za su iya hana wannan - attenuation na gani da watsawa.
Attenuation shine rage ƙarfin siginar haske kamar yadda ake watsa shi (dB). Ana haifar da attenuation ta hanyar hasara a cikin haske ta hanyar abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su ba, kamar su igiyoyi, kebul na USB, da masu haɗawa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama masu haɗin haɗin suna ɗaya don haka bambancin aiki a OM3 vs OM4 yana cikin asarar (dB) a cikin kebul. OM4 fiber yana haifar da ƙananan asara saboda gininsa. Matsakaicin raguwar da aka ba da izini ta ma'auni ana nunawa a ƙasa. Kuna iya ganin cewa yin amfani da OM4 zai ba ku ƙananan asarar kowace mita na kebul. Ƙananan hasara na nufin cewa za ku iya samun dogon hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa ko samun ƙarin masu haɗa haɗin gwiwa a cikin hanyar haɗin.
Matsakaicin attenuation da aka yarda a 850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/km; OM4<3.0 dB/km
Ana watsa haske ta hanyoyi daban-daban tare da fiber. Saboda rashin lahani a cikin fiber, waɗannan hanyoyin suna zuwa kamar lokuta daban-daban. Yayin da wannan bambance-bambancen ke ƙaruwa, daga ƙarshe za ku isa wurin da ba za a iya yanke bayanan da ake watsawa ba. Wannan bambanci tsakanin mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci halaye an san shi da watsawar modal. Watsawa na modal yana ƙayyade bandwidth na modal wanda fiber zai iya aiki a ciki kuma wannan shine bambanci tsakanin OM3 da OM4. Ƙananan watsawa na modal, mafi girma da bandwidth na modal kuma mafi girman adadin bayanan da za a iya aikawa. Ana nuna bandwidth na modal na OM3 da OM4 a ƙasa. Mafi girman bandwidth da ake samu a cikin OM4 yana nufin ƙarami tarwatsewar modal kuma don haka yana ba da damar hanyoyin haɗin kebul su yi tsayi ko ba da damar asara mafi girma ta ƙarin masu haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan yana ba da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka yayin kallon ƙirar hanyar sadarwa.
Mafi ƙarancin Fiber Cable Bandwidth a 850nm: OM3 2000 MHz · km; OM4 4700 MHz · km
Kuna iya sanar da mu a hankali game da yanayin muhallin da za a yi amfani da samfuran, tare da zaɓi don cikakkun bayanai kamar zafi, zafin jiki, da abubuwan ƙasa. Za mu iya bayar da keɓaɓɓen kebul na kebul / fiber abun da ke ciki da farashi don biyan takamaiman buƙatun ku. Hakanan akwai zaɓuɓɓukan samfur na musamman.
Kebul na fiber ya ƙunshi:
Core ***: Gilashi mai tsabta / silica (diamita 8-62.5µm) don watsa haske.
Cladding ***: Layer na waje tare da ƙananan fihirisar refractive don ƙunsar haske.
Rufi ***: Layer acrylate mai kariya (250µm).
Ƙarfafa membobin **: Aramid yarn/sandunan fiberglass.
Jaket na waje ***: PE/PVC/LSZH kayan don kare muhalli.
| **Parameter** | **Yanayin Guda Daya (SMF)** | ** Yanayin Multi-Mode (MMF)** |
|-----------------------------------------
| Mahimmin Diamita | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Nisa | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Bandwidth | Unlimited (a ka'ida) | Iyakance ta modal watsawa |
| Farashin | Mafi girma (Laser kafofin) | Ƙananan (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Amfani da Harka** | Telecom/5G baya | Cibiyoyin bayanai / Harabar |
Fasahar SDM sun haɗa da:
Multi-core fibers (MCF): 7-19 cores/fiber, nuna watsawar 1Pbps.
Zaɓuɓɓuka kaɗan-yanayin (FMF) ***: Hanyoyi masu haske da yawa a kowace cibiya.
Amfanin mai aiki*: Yana rage cunkoson bututu; NTT ta tura MCF a cikin metro na Tokyo.
Wadannan zaruruwa:
- Jagorar haske ta hanyar iska (ba gilashin), yanke latency ta 31% (1.46μs / km vs. 2.13μs / km).
- Aikace-aikacen manufa: HFT (ciniki mai girma), cibiyoyin sadarwar ƙididdiga.
* Kalubale*: Babban attenuation (~ 3dB/km) vs. SMF's 0.17dB/km.
A: Wuraren mayar da hankali guda uku:
1. Fronthaul **: Sanya G.654.E fibers (ƙananan asara, babban yanki mai tasiri) don> 400G raƙuman ruwa.
2. Ƙananan sel **: Micro-cables (≤6mm diamita) don ƙaƙƙarfan jigilar birane.
3. Haɗin SDN ***: Aiwatar da rarraba albarkatun fiber ta hanyar OpenROADM.
A: Amfanin sun haɗa da:
- Rage farashi 30% ta hanyar ƙirar dillali-agnostic (misali, Vodafone's Buɗe Fiber Initiative).
- Abubuwan haɓakawa da sauri (fulogi-da-wasa fiber modules).
A:** Gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci:
OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Yana auna rashi/karyewa.
Gwajin Asarar Shiga ***: Ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen tabbatar da asarar dB.
Gwajin Watsewa na Chromatic ***: Mahimmanci don> 100G tsarin daidaitawa.
1. ** Mataki 1 ***: Gano kuskure a cikin 3m ta amfani da OTDR mai girma.
2. ** Mataki na 2 ***: Sanya masu rarrafe na fiber na robotic don gyaran ƙasa.
3. ** Mataki na 3 ***: Yi amfani da fusion splicers tare da ≤0.02dB splice asarar.
Manyan nau'ikan sun haɗa da:
-Single-mode fiber (SMF):** An tsara shi don nesa mai nisa, watsa bandwidth mai girma (misali, 1310/1550nm raƙuman raƙuman ruwa).
-Multimode fiber (MMF):** Ana amfani dashi don guntun nesa (misali, OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 don 850/1300nm).
Kebul na ciki/waje:** Masu sulke, marasa sulke, kintinkiri, ko ƙirar bututu.
- kebul na musamman:** FTTH (Cables Drop), igiyoyin ruwa na karkashin ruwa, igiyoyin iska, da sauransu.
la'akari:
- ** Nisa: ** SMF don> 1km; MMF na ≤500m (ya bambanta da ƙimar bayanai).
**Farashin:** Masu jigilar MMF sun fi arha amma SMF tana ba da tabbacin gaba.
- ** Aikace-aikacen: ** SMF don sadarwa / dogon-tsayi; MMF don cibiyoyin bayanai/LANs.
Mabuɗin jagororin:
- Guji wuce gona da iri ** ja tashin hankali ** (misali, ≤150N don SMF).
- Rike mafi ƙarancin ** radius lanƙwasa *** (misali, 20mm don igiyoyin faci).
- Yi amfani da daidaitaccen ** splicing / haši *** (LC/SC/MPO) da tsaftataccen ƙarewar ferrule.
- Gwaji tare da ** OTDR / mita masu ƙarfi ** bayan shigarwa.
Yawanci ** 20-25 shekaru ***, amma ya dogara da:
- Abubuwan muhalli (danshi, bayyanar UV).
- Damuwa na injiniya (lankwasawa, girgiza).
- Ci gaban fasaha na iya haifar da haɓakawa kafin EOL.