Farashinmu zai yi kyau kuma zai yi gasa saboda ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki, duk da cewa farashin zai iya canzawa dangane da wadata da sauran abubuwan kasuwa. Za mu aiko muku da jerin farashi da aka sabunta bayan kamfanin ku ya tuntube mu don ƙarin bayani.
A gaskiya ba haka ba. Za mu yi ƙiyasin adadin ku. Da yawan yin oda, farashin zai fi kyau. Kuma idan kuna buƙatar samfura kyauta, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu ta imel.
Hakika, eh. Za mu iya samar muku da takardu masu alaƙa, kamar Takaddun Shaida na Bincike / Daidaitawa; Inshora; Asali, da sauran takaddun fitarwa.
Dangane da adadin ku da kuma samfurin ku dalla-dalla, za mu ba ku lokacin jagora mai dacewa. Kamar yadda aka saba, ga samfura, lokacin jagora yana kusan kwanaki 7. Don samar da kayayyaki da yawa, lokacin jagora shine kwanaki 20-30 bayan karɓar kuɗin ajiya. Kyauta kyauta ku sanar da mu idan kuna da wata buƙata ta musamman.
Za ku iya biyan kuɗin zuwa asusun bankinmu, Western Union ko PayPal:
Ajiya 30% a gaba, kashi 70% na jimlar kuɗin da aka biya idan aka kwatanta da kwafin B/L.
Muna ba da garantin kayan aikinmu da aikinmu. Alƙawarinmu yana kan gamsuwar ku da samfuranmu. Ko da garanti ne ko a'a, al'adar kamfaninmu ce ta magance duk matsalolin abokin ciniki da kuma magance su gwargwadon gamsuwar kowa.
Eh, koyaushe muna amfani da marufi mai inganci na fitarwa. Muna kuma amfani da marufi na musamman na haɗari don kayayyaki masu haɗari da kuma ingantattun masu jigilar kaya na ajiya don abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da zafin jiki. Marufi na musamman da buƙatun marufi marasa daidaituwa na iya haifar da ƙarin kuɗi.
Kudin jigilar kaya ya dogara ne da hanyar da kuka zaɓi samun kayan. Express yawanci ita ce hanya mafi sauri amma kuma mafi tsada. By seafreight ita ce mafi kyawun mafita ga adadi mai yawa. Daidai farashin jigilar kaya za mu iya ba ku ne kawai idan mun san cikakkun bayanai game da adadin, nauyi da hanya. Da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu don ƙarin bayani.
A gaskiya ma, bambancin da ke tsakanin zare OM3 da OM4 yana cikin gina kebul na fiber optical. Bambancin da ke cikin ginin yana nufin cewa kebul na OM4 yana da mafi kyawun raguwa kuma yana iya aiki a mafi girman bandwidth fiye da OM3. Menene dalilin haka? Domin hanyar haɗin fiber ta yi aiki, hasken daga transceiver na VCSEL yana da isasshen ƙarfi don isa ga mai karɓa a ɗayan ƙarshen. Akwai ƙimar aiki guda biyu da za su iya hana wannan—rage haske da warwatsewar modal.
Ragewa shine raguwar ƙarfin siginar haske yayin da ake watsa shi (dB). Ragewa yana faruwa ne sakamakon asarar haske ta hanyar abubuwan da ba su da amfani, kamar kebul, haɗin kebul, da masu haɗawa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama masu haɗin suna iri ɗaya ne don haka bambancin aiki a cikin OM3 vs OM4 yana cikin asarar (dB) a cikin kebul. Fiber na OM4 yana haifar da ƙarancin asara saboda gininsa. Matsakaicin raguwar da ƙa'idodin suka yarda an nuna shi a ƙasa. Kuna iya ganin cewa amfani da OM4 zai ba ku ƙarancin asara a kowace mita na kebul. Ƙananan asara yana nufin cewa kuna iya samun dogayen hanyoyin haɗi ko samun ƙarin masu haɗin haɗi a cikin hanyar haɗin.
Matsakaicin raguwar da aka yarda a 850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km
Ana watsa haske a hanyoyi daban-daban tare da zare. Saboda rashin daidaito a cikin zare, waɗannan hanyoyin suna zuwa kamar lokaci daban-daban. Yayin da wannan bambanci ke ƙaruwa, daga ƙarshe za ku isa inda ba za a iya fassara bayanan da ake watsawa ba. Wannan bambanci tsakanin mafi girma da mafi ƙanƙanta ana kiransa da watsawar modal. Yaɗuwar modal yana ƙayyade bandwidth ɗin modal da zare zai iya aiki a kai kuma wannan shine bambanci tsakanin OM3 da OM4. Mafi ƙarancin watsawar modal, mafi girman bandwidth ɗin modal kuma mafi girman adadin bayanan da za a iya watsawa. An nuna bandwidth ɗin modal na OM3 da OM4 a ƙasa. Babban bandwidth da ake samu a OM4 yana nufin ƙaramin watsawar modal don haka yana ba da damar haɗin kebul su kasance tsayi ko kuma su ba da damar asara mafi girma ta hanyar haɗin da suka haɗu. Wannan yana ba da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka lokacin duba ƙirar hanyar sadarwa.
Mafi ƙarancin girman kebul na fiber a 850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Za ka iya sanar da mu game da yanayin muhalli da za a yi amfani da kayayyakin, tare da fifiko ga cikakkun bayanai kamar danshi, zafin jiki, da abubuwan ƙasa. Za mu iya bayar da haɗin kebul/fiber da aka keɓance da farashi don biyan buƙatunku na musamman. Hakanan akwai zaɓuɓɓukan samfura na musamman.
Kebul ɗin fiber ya ƙunshi:
Core**: Gilashi/silika mai tsarki sosai (diamita 8-62.5µm) don watsa haske.
Rufewa**: Layin waje mai ƙananan ma'aunin haske don ɗaukar haske.
Rufi**: Tsarin kariya na acrylate (250µm).
Ƙungiyoyin ƙarfi**: Zaren Aramid/sandunan fiberglass.
Jaket na waje**: Kayan PE/PVC/LSZH don kare muhalli.
| **Siffar** | **Yanayi Guda Ɗaya (SMF)** | **Yanayi Guda Ɗaya (MMF)** |
|------------|----------------------------|-----------|
| Diamita na tsakiya | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Nisa | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Bandwidth | Unlimited (a ka'ida) | An iyakance ta hanyar watsawa ta hanyar zamani |
| Farashi | Mafi girma (tushen laser) | Ƙasa (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Amfani da Shari'a** | Haɓaka Sadarwa/5G | Cibiyoyin Bayanai/Harkokin Harabar Jami'a |
Fasahar SDM ta haɗa da:
Zaruruwan da ke da manyan jigogi (MCF)**: 7-19 core/fiber, an nuna watsawa ta 1Pbps.
Zaruruwan yanayi kaɗan (FMF)**: Hanyoyi da yawa na haske a kowace ƙwaya.
Fa'idar mai aiki*: Rage cunkoson bututun iska; NTT ta tura MCF a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Tokyo.
Waɗannan zaruruwa:
- Jagorar haske ta iska (ba gilashi ba), yana rage jinkirin da kashi 31% (1.46μs/km idan aka kwatanta da 2.13μs/km).
- Aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya: HFT (ciniki mai yawan gaske), hanyoyin sadarwa na kwantum.
*Kalubale*: Babban raguwa (~3dB/km) idan aka kwatanta da 0.17dB/km na SMF.
A: Fannin da aka mayar da hankali a kai guda uku:
1. Fronthaul**: Sanya zare na G.654.E (ƙarancin asara, babban yanki mai tasiri) don tsawon tsayin daka sama da 400G.
2. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta**: Ƙananan kebul (diamita ≤6mm) don amfani da manyan hanyoyin sufuri a birane.
3. Haɗin SDN**: Sanya rarraba albarkatun fiber ta atomatik ta hanyar OpenROADM.
A: Fa'idodin sun haɗa da:
- Rage farashi kashi 30% ta hanyar ƙirar masu siyarwa da rashin tabbas (misali, Tsarin Buɗe Fiber na Vodafone).
- Haɓakawa cikin sauri (modules na fiber masu haɗawa da kunnawa).
A:** Gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci:
OTDR (Na'urar auna yanayin lokaci na gani)**: Yana auna asarar/karyewar haɗin gwiwa.
Gwajin Asarar Shigarwa**: Tabbatar da asarar dB daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe.
Gwajin Watsawa na Chromatic**: Yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin haɗin gwiwa sama da 100G.
1. **Mataki na 1**: Nemo matsala a cikin mita 3 ta amfani da OTDR mai ƙuduri mai girma.
2. **Mataki na 2**: Sanya injinan rarrafe na roba don gyaran ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
3. **Mataki na 3**: Yi amfani da maƙallan haɗaka waɗanda ke da asarar haɗin ≤0.02dB.
Manyan nau'ikan sun haɗa da:
-Zaren yanayi ɗaya (SMF):** An ƙera shi don watsawa mai nisa da babban bandwidth (misali, tsawon rai na 1310/1550nm).
-Zaren Multimode (MMF):** Ana amfani da shi don gajerun nisa (misali, OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 don 850/1300nm).
Kebul na Cikin Gida/Waje:** Tsarin sulke, wanda ba shi da sulke, ribbon, ko bututun da ba shi da sulke.
- kebul na musamman:** FTTH (Kebulan Drop), kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa, kebul na sama, da sauransu.
yi la'akari da:
- **Nisa:** SMF na >1km; MMF na ≤500m (ya bambanta dangane da ƙimar bayanai).
- **Kudi:** Na'urorin transceiver na MMF sun fi araha amma SMF tana ba da kariya daga nan gaba.
- **Aikace-aikacen:** SMF don sadarwa/tsawon lokaci; MMF don cibiyoyin bayanai/LANs.
Jagorori masu mahimmanci:
- A guji wuce gona da iri na **jawo tashin hankali** (misali, ≤150N ga SMF).
- A kiyaye mafi ƙarancin radius na lanƙwasa** (misali, 20mm don igiyoyin faci).
- Yi amfani da **haɗin haɗi/haɗin da ya dace** (LC/SC/MPO) da kuma tsaftace ƙarshen ferrule.
- Gwada tare da **OTDR/ma'aunin wutar lantarki** bayan shigarwa.
Yawanci **shekaru 20-25**, amma ya dogara da:
- Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli (danshi, fallasa UV).
- Matsin lamba na injiniya (lanƙwasawa, girgiza).
- Ci gaban fasaha na iya haifar da haɓakawa kafin EOL.